Here are all of the Primes, and all of the Convoys.
Note that
Italicized Convoys are ones that were NOT Primes in the English versions.
And that this list only contains leaders who are specifically Primes/Convoys, excluding any leaders who weren't Primes/Convoys.
And those with "**" represent different-named versions of the same guy directly above them.
Generation 1-2 Marvel Comics:
* Prima
* Prime Nova
* Sentinel Prime
* Optimus Prime
* Rodimus Prime (various alternate future timelines)
* Modus Prime (Classics splinter timeline)
Generation 1 cartoon:
* "Ancient Robot" (retroactively, and retroactively named "Primon, the Aplha Prime")
* "Powerful Robot" (retroactively, and retroactively named "Prima")
* "Brooding Robot" (retroactively, and retroactively named "Prime Nova A.K.A. Nove Prime")
* "Pre-Transformer" (retroactively, and retroactively named "Guardian Prime")
* "New Narrator" (retroactively, and retroactively named "Zeta Prime")
* "U-Haul Robot" (retroactiely, and retroactively named "Sentinel Prime")
* Optimus Prime
** Powermaster Optimus Prime
* Rodimus Prime
Japanese Generation 1 cartoons and related media:
* Convoy
** Star Convoy
** Super Convoy (Nucleon Quest)
** Convoy (G-2)
** Battle Convoy
** G1 Convoy Black Version
* Rodimus Convoy
* Fire Convoy
** Super Fire Convoy
** God Fire Convoy
*
Black Convoy* Reverse Convoy
* Convoy (Kiss Players)
* Nise Convoy
* Pepsi Convoy
* Black Rodimus Convoy
Beast Era cartoons and related media* Optimus Prime
* Primon
* Prima
* Prime Nova
* Sentinel Prime
* Rodimus Prime
* Primal Prime
* Lio Convoy
** Leo Prime
* Big Convoy
* "Joe Convoy" (false name)
Japanese Beast Era:
*
Convoy**
Convobat**
Burning Convoy**
Metals Convoy**
Powered Convoy**
Convoy (Beast Wars Returns)
**
Beast Convoy**
Burning Beast Convoy* Lio Convoy
** Great Lio Convoy
** Leo Prime
* Black Lio Convoy
* Big Convoy
* Black Big Convoy
* Great Convoy
* Unnamed Convoy Council member
* Unnamed Convoy Council member
* Crow Convoy
* Break (BW Neo manga, after earning the rank in the final chapter)
* Cohrada (BW Neo manga, after earning the rank in the final chapter)
* Longrack (BW Neo manga, after earning the rank in the final chapter)
* Stampy (BW Neo manga, after earning the rank in the final chapter)
* Many of Longrack's ancestors (BW Neo manga)
* Star Upper (claimed to hold the rank of "Hyper Convoy Brilliant Special 98", twas a lie)
* Logos Prime
Robots in Disguise:
* Optimus Prime
** Omega Prime
Generation 1 Dreamwave comics:
* Alpha Prime
* Guardian Prime
* Sentinel Prime
* Optimus Prime
* Rodimus Prime (strangely)
Unicron Trilogy:
* Optimus Prime
** Jet Convoy/Jet Optimus/Jet Prime (the combined form of Optimus and Jetfire)
** The combined form of Optimus and Overload
** The combined form of the above two combined forms
** The combined forms of Optimus and Wing Saber (Energon)
** Optimus Supreme
** Optimus Prime Savage Claw Mode
** Optimus Prime Sonic Wing Mode
* Nemesis Prime
* Vector Prime
Micron Trilogy:
* Convoy
** Jet Convoy
** Magna Convoy
** Magna Jet Convoy
** Convoy Final Battle Coloration
** Grand Convoy
** Wing Convoy
** Omega Convoy
**/* Galaxy Convoy (debatable if he's the same guy as the above or not)
** Liger Convoy
** Sonic Convoy
*
Prime (Armada Sparkplug's Japanese name)
*
Rodimus Convoy* Vector Prime
*
Nitro Convoy*
Flame Convoy*
Live Convoy*
Megalo ConvoyUniverse (2003):
* Nemesis Prime
* Spychanger Optimus Prime
Alternators:
* Optimus Prime
* Nemesis Prime
Binaltech and Alternity:
* Convoy
** Convoy Ultimate Silver
* Convoy Vibrant Red
* Convoy Super Black
Masterpiece:
* Convoy
* Rodimus Convoy
* Black Convoy
* Black Rodimus Convoy
Generation 1 Devil's Due "G.I. Joe vs. the Transformers" comics:
* Optimus Prime
* Serpentor Prime
Generation 1 IDW comics:
* Unknown
* Unknown
* Nova Prime
** Nemesis Prime
* Nominus Prime
* Sentinel Prime
* Zeta Prime
* Optimus Prime
* "Rodimus Prime" (not official, just a temporary nickname)
Movieverse:
* The Fallen
* Prima
* 5 or 11 other Primes
* Sentinel Prime
* Optimus Prime
* Bendy-Bus Prime
* Darkside Optimus Prime
* Nemesis Prime
Animated:
* Ultra Prime (former, promoted to "Ultra Magnus")
* Fire Prime
* Big Bang Prime
* Override Prime
* Rodimus Prime
* Sentinel Prime (former, promoted to "Sentinel Magnus")
* Longarm Prime
* Optimus Prime
** Wingblade Optimus Prime
* "Beeimus Prime" (false name)
* Nemesis Prime
* Shattered Glass Optimus Prime
Universe (2008):
* Nemesis Prime
TransTech:
* Optimus Prime
Shattered Glass:
* Optimus Prime
* Rodimus Prime (self-appointed)
Henkei! Henkei!:
* Convoy
United:
* Optimus Prime
** Optimus Prime Cybertron Mode
** Laser Optimus Prime
** Black Optimus Prime
* Rodimus Prime
* Darkside Optimus Prime
Original Thirteen Primes (Multiverse):
* Prima
* The Fallen
* Vector Prime
* Nexus Prime
* Logos Prime
** Soundblaster
* Eight others
Original Thirteen Primes (Aligned):
* Prima
* Vector Prime
* Alpha Trion
* Solus Prime
* Micronus Prime
* Alchemist Prime
* Nexus Prime
* Onyx Prime
* Amalgamous Prime
* Quintus Prime
* Liege Maximo
* Megatronus
** The Fallen
* "
Thirteen"
Optimus PrimeAligned Continuity:
* The above Aligned Thirteen
* Sentinel Zeta Prime
* Optimus Prime
* "Nemesis Prime" (a non-living, man-made, remote-controlled robot doppelganger of Optimus)
Japanese version of the Aligned continuity* Optimus Prime
** Shining Optimus Prime
** Dark Guard Optimus Prime
** The combined form of Optimus and Gaia Unicron
** Hunter Optimus Prime
** Optimus ExPrime
* "Nemesis Prime" (the same man-made doppelganger from the English version)
** The combined form of Nemesis Prime and Nightmare Unicron (debatable since Nemesis isn't actually his own person)
* Leo Prime (same guy as the Japanese Beast Era character)
* Go Prime
* Hunter Nemesis Prime
The Cybertron Satellite Town Commanders:
* Akiba Prime
* Fukutsu Prime
* Ginza Prime
* Ikebukuro Prime
* Itami Prime
* Kawasaki Prime
* Mito Prime
* Nagoya Prime
* Saitama Prime
* Sapporo Prime
* Sendai Prime
* Tachikawa Prime
* Umeda Prime
* Yokohama Prime
* Daimicron Prime
* Hakata Prime
* Hiroshima Prime
* Ishinomaki Prime
* Yūrakuchō Prime
Kre-O:
* Optimus Prime
* Sentinel Prime
* Nemesis Prime
Bot Shots:
* Optimus Prime
* Sentinel Prime
* Nemesis Prime
Cap Bots:
* Captimus Prime
GT:
* GT-R Prime
* Safety Prime
Transformers × Evangelion* Convoy
** Convoy Mode "EVA"
IDW "Transformers vs. G.I. Joe" comics:
* Optimus Prime
Transformers Cloud:
* Optimus Prime
Angry Bird Transformers:
* Optimus Prime
* Sentinel Prime
And... I think that's it (without just further deviations of the same characters from more obscure mediums like the G1 books, the Beast Era manga, the Galaxy Force manga, etc.).